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Author : Epictetus

Epictetus was a prominent Greek Stoic philosopher, believed to have been born a slave in Hierapolis, Phrygia (modern-day Pamukkale, Turkey). He spent much of his early life in Rome before being exiled to Nicopolis in northwestern Greece, where he lived until his death. His teachings, captured by his student Arrian in the work known as the "Discourses," emphasize philosophy as a practical guide to life rather than a mere theoretical study. Epictetus asserted that while external events are determined by fate and beyond our control, individuals can cultivate inner peace by accepting circumstances with equanimity and exercising self-discipline over their own actions. He warned that suffering stems from the attempt to control the uncontrollable or from neglecting our personal responsibilities. Emphasizing our interconnectedness within the universe, he advocated for a duty of care toward fellow human beings, suggesting that adherence to these principles leads to true happiness.